Union Budget 2022-23 & Vibrant Villages Programme
Vibrant Villages Programme
- Union Budget 2022-23 - Vibrant Villages Programme was announced to guarantee these border areas are included in the mainstream gains.
- Enhancing village infrastructure - establishing proper housing and developing tourist centres & boosting road connectivity.
- To generate skills & create livelihood opportunities - direct home access to Doordarshan & other educational television channels provided.
- Includes provisions to ensure decentralized renewable energy.
- Merging of existing schemes with the proposed plan – with provisions for additional funding.
Indo-Tibetan Border Police (ITBP)
- One of Central Armed Police Forces of India.
- Specialized mountain force.
- Established in 1962 – in the wake of the Sino-Indian War of 1962.
- Under Indo-Tibetan Border Police Force Act, 1992.
Practice Question – Prelims
Consider the following statements Vibrant villages programme :
- The concept is to improve the living condition for the people living close to the Line of Actual Control (LAC) exclusively.
- The program focuses on improving the social and financial infrastructure in these border villages.
- It is based on the idea of competitive federalism.
How many of the statements given above is/are incorrect?
a) Only one
b) Only two
c) All three
d) None
Immunization Programme
Immunization Programme
- 1978 – introduced as ‘Expanded Programme of Immunization (EPI).
- 1985 - modified as ‘Universal Immunization Programme (UIP)’.
- Prevent mortality & morbidity in children against 12 vaccine-preventable diseases.
- 2015 - Mission Indradhanush was implemented to rapidly increase the full immunization coverage to 90%.
Mission Indradhanush
- Vaccination against 12 Vaccine-Preventable Diseases (VPD).
- Nationally against - Diphtheria, Pertussis, Tetanus, Polio, Measles, Rubella, Hepatitis B, and Meningitis & Pneumonia.
- Subnationally against - Rotavirus diarrhoea, Pneumococcal Pneumonia, and Japanese Encephalitis.
- 2017 - Intensified Mission Indradhanush (IMI) launched to give greater focus on urban areas.
- 2019 - Intensified Mission Indradhanush 2.0 launched to achieve at least 90% pan-India immunisation coverage by 2022.
- 2021 - Intensified Mission Indradhanush 3.0.
- 2022 - Intensified Mission Indradhanush 4.0.
- 2023 - Intensified Mission Indradhanush 5.0.
- Improvement of Measles and Rubella vaccination coverage with the aim of measles and rubella elimination by 2023.
Practice Question – Prelims
Consider the following diseases:
- Japanese Encephalitis
- Rubella
- Malaria
How many of the diseases mentioned above is/are covered under Universal Immunization Programme (UIP)?
a) Only one
b) Only two
c) All three
d) None
Chikungunya Virus
Chikungunya Virus
- Mosquito-borne viral disease.
- Arbovirus & genus Alphavirus.
- RNA virus - spreads by the bite of Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus mosquitoes.
- 1st major outbreak of Chikungunya virus - Tanzania in 1952.
Spread of Chikungunya
- Spread by the bite of an Aedes mosquito - Aedes aegypti.
- Humans are the major reservoir of the chikungunya virus for mosquitoes.
- Mosquito usually transmits the disease by biting an infected person – biting others and so on.
- It is not Contagious.
- Aedes aegypti mosquitoes bite during the day time.
Symptoms
- Symptoms begin 4 to 8 days after a mosquito bite but can appear anywhere from 2 to 12 days.
- Abrupt onset of fever, often accompanied by joint pain.
- Other symptoms like muscle pain, headache, nausea, fatigue, and rash.
Diagnosis
- Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assays (ELISA).
Practice Question – Prelims
Consider the following statements about Chikungunya virus:
- It is a DNA virus spreads through Aedes Aegypti mosquito.
- It is one of the neglected tropical diseases.
- The disease is contagious in nature.
How many of the statements given above is/are correct?
(a) Only one
(b) Only Two
(c) All Three
(d) None
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