Directorate General of Civil Aviation
Directorate General of Civil Aviation
- Regulatory body - safety of civil aviation.
- Attached office under the Ministry of Civil Aviation.
- Headquarters - New Delhi.
- Administration - Director General.
- Aircraft (Amendment) Act 2020.
- Section 4A - creation of DGCA by the central government.
- DGCA - statutory body.
Functions of DGCA
- Regulating the registration of civil aircrafts.
- Formulating standards for civil aircrafts.
- Issues "Airworthiness" certificates to civil aircraft.
- Issues licenses to pilots, aircraft maintenance engineers, air traffic controllers, and flight engineers.
- Conducting exams to check skills.
- Checks proficiency of flight crew and other professionals.
- DGCA issues certificates to aerodromes.
- Gives Air Operator's Certificates to airlines based in India.
- Conducts investigations in various incidents and accidents involving aircraft.
- Implementation of Safety Aviation Management Programmes for preventing future incidents.
Practice Question – Prelims
Which government body in India is responsible for regulating civil aviation and overseeing the safety of civil flight operations, maintenance of airworthiness standards, and licensing of personnel involved in aviation activities?
(a) Bureau of Civil Aviation Security (BCAS)
(b) Airports Authority of India (AAI)
(c) Directorate General of Civil Aviation (DGCA)
(d) Aircraft Accident Investigation Bureau (AAIB)
Kambala
Kambala
- Buffalo race.
- Popular in Coastal Karnataka districts
- Dakshina Kannada and Udupi.
- Kasargod, Kerala.
- Held between November to March.
- Sponsors - Tuluva landlords.
- Tuluva - ethnic group living in coastal Karnataka.
How is it performed?
- 2 parallel race tracks, filled with slushy water.
- Buffaloes usually raced in pairs.
- Buffaloes - held together with ploughs and ropes.
Features
- Non-competitive festival.
- Takes place in paddy fields after harvest is over - end of October.
- Dedicated to incarnation of Hindu God Shiva.
- Lord Kadri Manjunatha.
- Conducted to thank the god for good health of the buffaloes.
Question 2:
In which regions is Kambala traditionally popular?
a) Central India
b) Coastal Karnataka and Kasargod, Kerala
c) Northern Plains
d) Western Ghats
Methane
Methane
Alkane gas, colorless, odorless, and highly flammable. Primary component of natural gas, making up 95% of natural gas reserves. Used as fuel for power generation and heating.
Sources of Methane
- Natural sources:
- Wetlands
- Oceans
- Digestive processes of animals
- Man-made sources
Environmental Impacts
Methane is a potent greenhouse gas that traps heat in the atmosphere. It is 28 times more effective than carbon dioxide (CO2) in trapping heat. Methane is the second most abundant greenhouse gas, causing global warming and climate change.
Initiatives Taken by Government
- Harit Dhara: Anti-methanogenic feed supplement by ICAR. Reduces methane emissions by 17-20% and promotes higher milk production.
- India Greenhouse Gas Program: Assists Indian companies in monitoring GHG emissions, using methodologies from the World Resources Institute.
- National Action Plan on Climate Change (NAPCC): Aims to create awareness among the public, government agencies, scientists, and industries about GHGs and climate change.
Practice Question – Prelims
Which of the following is a primary source of methane emissions into the atmosphere?
(a) Automobile exhaust
(b) Industrial smoke
(c) Livestock farming
(d) Residential waste incineration
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